제 19 장 포그라운드 작업과 백그라운드 작업
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작성자 관리자 댓글 2건 조회 7,818회 작성일 19-09-17 18:38본문
제 19 장 포그라운드 작업과 백그라운드 작업
사용자가 터미널에서 작업할 때 보통의 경우 한번에 하나의 프로세스만 실행할 수 있다. 즉, 어떤 명령을 실행하면 명령이 끝날 때까지 기다려야 다시 터미널을 사용할 수 있는 것이다. 그런데 사용자가 어떤 프로세스를 실행하면서 동시에 다른 프로세스를 실행해야 할 때가 있다. 작업제어 도구는 이렇게 한 터미널에서 동시에 여러 프로세스를 실행하고 관리하기 위해 개발되었다.
포그라운드 작업
터미널에서 작업할 때 일반적으로 사용자가 명령을 입력하면 셸은 사용자가 입력한 명령을 해석하여 실행하고 그 결과를 화면에 출력한다. 그러면 사용자는 화면에 출력된 결과를 보고 다시 명령을 입력하는 대화식으로 작업을 수행한다. 이렇게 사용자가 입력한 명령이 실행되어 결과가 출력될때 까지 기다려야 하는 포그라운드 방식으로 처리되는 프로세스를 포그라운드 프로세스라고 하며, 이를 작업 제어에서는 포그라운드 작업이라고 한다.
포그라운드 작업은 일반적으로 사용자가 명령을 실행하는 방식으로, 안드로이드 앱을 실행시켜 화면에 띄워놓았을 때의 작업이다. 가시적 수명이라고 일컫어지는 가시적 수명 onStart() ~ onStop()까지의 프로세스를 말하며, 사용자가 액티비티를 화면에서 보고 이와 상호작용 할 수 있다.
포그라운드 서비스는 서비스의 동작을 사용자가 명시적으로 인지하는 대신 메모리 부족시 시스템에 의한 종료 대상에서 제외된다.
백그라운드 작업
포그라운드 작업은 명령을 한 번에 하나씩 실행하므로 동시에 여러 개의 프로세스를 실행할 수 없다. 그러나 작업 제어가 제공하는 백그라운드 기능을 사용하면 앞에서 프로세스가 실행되는 동안 뒤에서 다른 프로세스가 실행될 수 있으므로 한 터미널에서 여러 개의 프로세스를 동시에 실행할 수 있다.
백그라운드 방식으로 명령을 실행하면 명령의 처리가 끝나는 것과 관계없이 백그라운드에서 다른 작업을 계속 할 수 있다. 즉 필요한 여러 작업을 백그라운드로 실행한 후 터미널에서는 포그라운드 작업을 계속 진행할 수 있다. 이처럼 백그라운드 방식으로 처리되는 프로세스를 백그라운드 프로세스라고 하며, 작업 제어에서는 백그라운드 작업이라고 한다. 백그라운드 작업은 명령의 실행 시간이 많이 걸릴 것으로 예상되거나 명령을 실행한 후 다른 작업을 할 필요가 있을 때 많이 사용한다.
현재 Activity는 더 이상 화면에 보이질 않게 될 때 호출되는 메소드인 onStop() 이후, onDestroy()이전까지 백그라운드로 실행된다.
백그라운드 서비스는 시스템이 리소스가 부족한 경우 임의로 중단할 수 있다.
onStartCommand()에서 종료시 다음 동작을 정의
START_NOT_STICKY : 서비스 재 실행하지 않음
START_STICKY : 재생성과 onStartCommand() 호출 (null intent)
START_REDELIVER_INTENT : 재생성과 onStartCommand() 호출 (same intent)
Oreo background 실행제한
백그라운드 실행 제한
백그라운드에서 실행될 때마다 앱은 기기의 제한된 리소스를 사용하는데 리소스를 과도하게 사용할 경우 사용자 환경이 손상될 수 있다. 때문에 Android 8.0 오레오 버전부터 백그라운드에서 실행되면서 앱의 동작을 제한하여 한정된 저원을 보다 효율적으로 사용하기 시작했다.
보통 많은 수의 Android 앱과 서비스를 동시에 실행할 수 있지만 동시에 실행되는 앱이 더 많을수록 시스템에 더 많은 부하가 걸리기 때문에 사용자가 앱과 직접 상호작용하지 않을 때 이 앱이 수행할 수 있는 작업을 제한합니다. 앱은 두 가지 방식으로 제한됩니다.
백그라운드 서비스 제한: 앱이 유휴 상태인 경우 백그라운드 서비스의 사용이 제한됩니다. 이 기능은 사용자에게 잘 보이는 포그라운드 서비스에는 적용되지 않습니다.
브로드캐스트 제한: 제한된 예외의 경우, 앱이 암시적 브로드캐스트에 등록하기 위해 자체 매니페스트를 사용할 수 없습니다. 그렇지만 여전히 앱이 런타임에 브로드캐스트에 등록할 수 있으며, 특정 앱을 대상으로 하는 명시적 브로드캐스트에 등록하기 위해 매니페스트를 사용할 수 있습니다.
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